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What You Should Know About Textile Testing?
2020/01/14
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Textile testing starts with textile fibers and goes all the way through to the final product. The fiber test includes the length, strength, elongation, fineness, and maturity. The yarn test includes linear density, single yarn strength, yarn evenness, and yarn hairiness. The fabric test includes aerial density, weave type, and air permeability.
In order to carry out the testing of the textile products, a well-equipped laboratory with a wide range of testing equipment is needed. Well-trained operators are also a prerequisite for the running of the laboratory. The cost of establishing and running the lab is nonproductive and is added to the cost of the final product. These nonproductive costs increase the cost of the final product and therefore make it an expensive trade. Therefore, it is vital that testing is not performed without accumulation of some payback to the end product. Testing is carried out at a number of points in a production cycle to improve the quality of the product.
Types of textile testing:
Textile testing can be classified according to the basic technique used and on the basis of the data obtained. The former can be divided into destructive and nondestructive testing, the latter being defined as the application of noninvasive methods to reach a conclusion as to the quality of a material, process, or product. In other words, it is inspection or measurement without doing damage to the test specimen. Examples include drape testing and assessment based on the Kawabata evaluation system. Destructive testing is performed to test for failure of the sample. This type of test is much easier to perform and yield precise information and is more simple to understand than nondestructive testing. Examples of destructive testing are tensile testing and tear testing.
There are mainly three types of testing followed in textile sector, those are：
1. Fibre test:
Gradding,
Identification of fibre,
Strength and elongation i.e. tensile strength,
Maturity test,
Fibre length,
Linear density or fineness test,
Trash, neps test etc.
2. Yarn test:
Twist per unit length,
Yarn count or linear density,
Appearance,
Hairiness,
Strength and elongation i.e. tensile properties,
Evenness and regularity,
3. Fabric test:
Width,
Thickness,
No. of ends per unit length,
Tensile properties i.e. strength and elongation,
Design and construction of the cloth,
Crease resistance and recovery,
Shrinkage,
Abrasion,
Thermal properties,
Air permeability,
Fabric weight per unit length,
Pilling,
The count of yarn used,
Stiffness,
Handle,
Drape,
Water absorbency or resistance etc.
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N e x t : International Organizations Standards For Textile Testing
