Evaluation and testing of safety standards for automotive interior materials

 

1. Determination of air pollutants in the car

 

　　 According to the source of pollutants, air pollutants are tested on non-metallic materials, parts and vehicles. There are three main types of tests for air pollutants in the car: smell evaluation, which mainly depends on human senses and smell for grade evaluation (VDA270), or electronic nose measurement (SAE J351); quantitative analysis of volatile organic pollutants (VOC), including Headspace gas chromatography, thermal desorption, high performance liquid chromatography, etc.; carbon and nitrogen oxides content can be determined by the non-dispersive infrared gas method (GB/T 28370).

 

　　 At present, relevant standards have been issued for vehicle VOC testing in China, but there are no relevant standards for VOC testing of non-metallic parts, and the domestic VOC testing methods for non-metallic parts are not uniform. The testing standards for parts and materials include: ISO 12219, VDA 270, DIN 13130, DIN EN 13725, VDA 275, VDA277, VDA 278, SAE J351 and many other standards. Regarding the test methods and organic pollutant limit requirements of the whole vehicle, the tests and evaluations are mainly carried out in accordance with the national standards HJ/T 400-2007 and GB/T 27630-2011.

 

2. Flame resistance test

 

　　 Flame retardancy test is a test method for the ability of the tested object to delay flame continuation, spread, and spread. After years of development, the flame retardancy test has formed a variety of standards and has become a very important test item in the relevant industry. Most of the combustion performance tests of automotive interior materials require that the fire source specified in the standard is used in a harsh test environment, and the test materials are impacted by different fire sources, and then the combustion phenomenon of the materials is observed and evaluated. For example, GB 8410-2006 specifies the test methods and evaluation indicators for the combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials. The flame retardancy test can also refer to the following standards: DIN 75200, ISO 3795, ASTM D 5132, FMVSS 302, JIS D1201, UL 94, etc.

 

3. Atomization performance

　　 Through the atomization test of automobile interior decoration materials, the control of volatile substances in these materials is realized, so as to effectively reduce the environmental pollution in the car, which has become an important method for automobile and automobile interior material manufacturers to control product quality.

 

At present, the fogging test methods of automotive interior materials include gravimetric method, gloss method and haze method. The fogging principle is the same. They all use the volatilization-condensation principle to realize the fogging process. The difference is The measured parameter is the condensing component, the fogging value or the haze. The standards that can be referred to are German standard DIN 75201, American standard SAE J1756, ASTM D5393, British standard BS EN 14288, and international standard ISO 6452.

 

4. Other performance measurement

 

4.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

　　 The principle of PAH testing is: cut a representative sample into small pieces, extract it with a suitable solvent (such as toluene, cyclohexane, etc.) by ultrasonic or Soxhlet, clean it up and analyze it with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer or high performance liquid chromatography. The German GS certification standard ZEK 01.4-08 clearly specifies the limit requirements and test methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The detection limit of each PAH determined by this method is 0.2 mg/kg. In addition, the standards that can be referred to are: ISO/TC 45/SC 3, EPA-TO-13A, NF X43-404-12-2009, VDI 4300 Blatt 2, etc.

 

4.2 Ban flame retardants

Although flame retardants can slow down, stop or burn flammable substances, they are harmful to humans and the environment. Some flame retardants (such as bromine-containing flame retardants) have been included in the banned list, such as the European Union Directive 76/769/EEC clearly stipulates the prohibition of brominated flame retardants. The testing process for banned flame retardants is generally: ultrasonic extraction of samples with solvents, filtration of concentrated extracts, and GC-MS/LCMS/GC-NPD detection. It can be tested with reference to the methods specified in GB/T 30512-2014 "Requirements for Prohibited Substances in Automobiles". 

与此原文有关的更多信息要查看其他翻译信息，您必须输入相应原文