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Australian cotton may become an important raw material for Chinese textiles

2022/11/21

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In mid-April, a delegation from the China Cotton Textile Industry Association visited the Moree region of Australia. More than a dozen representatives from cotton textile enterprises and cotton suppliers had discussions with local cotton companies on the planting, picking, processing and inspection of Australian cotton. In-depth communication.
 
Production expected to grow, concerns rising
 
Australia has always been one of the largest cotton exporters in the world, and almost all Australian cotton is exported. The main export destinations are China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, India, and Turkey. In recent years, with the transformation and upgrading of my country's cotton textile industry, the demand for high-quality cotton has continued to increase, and Australian cotton has been favored by my country's textile enterprises for its quality.
 
According to reports, the precipitation in Australia is not stable, which has a great impact on cotton production. This year's planting area is basically the same. Judging from the current weather conditions, the output is expected to increase by about 10% year-on-year. The increase in production is mainly due to the increase in yield this year. As of mid-April, Australia's national cotton picking progress has exceeded 25%.
cotton
Moree is one of Australia's major cotton producing areas. At present, the quality of cotton in this area is better than last year. Most of the cotton that has been picked and processed is first or second grade, and the cotton length, horse value and color grade are all good. In the northern region, due to more rain, the cotton picked and processed in the early stage is mostly grade 4.
 
Lower planting costs Higher processing costs
 
Cotton fields in Australia are owned by farmers. There are about 800 cotton households in the country. Australian cotton is planted with 3 varieties every year, and a new variety is selected every year to try or improve on the basis of the original varieties. Compared with other crops, cotton is more competitive. Therefore, when farmers arrange planting, they will reserve the most fertile land for cotton. Even in years that are not suitable for cotton planting, they would rather leave the land fallow than replant it. other crops.
 
The average yield of cotton in Australia is basically close to that of the Xinjiang Corps in my country. Because the cotton planting varieties are very concentrated, the same variety is planted in a large area, and the same production mode is adopted, so the quality of Australian cotton is very consistent. Australian cotton has been mechanized from soil preparation, sowing, watering, fertilization, pesticide spraying, to harvesting, transportation, processing, and packaging. With less manpower input, all harvesting is done by machinery. The efficiency is very high. Some farms have a per capita planting area of ​​less than It reaches nearly 10,000 mu, and the planting cost is relatively low. For example, a farm of 500,000 mu employs less than 40 people. The picking machine rolls the seed cotton at the same time, each roll is about 2.2 tons of seed cotton, and the transport vehicle can transport 12 rolls, that is, about 26.4 tons of seed cotton, to the ginning plant at one time.
 
The processing cost of Australian cotton is relatively high. For example, the wages of ginning factory workers are about 150 yuan per hour. In addition to processing, ginning factories need to pay cotton farmers some extra fees, so the total cost of ginning is higher than that in my country. Converted according to the current exchange rate, the processing cost of Australian cotton exceeds 1,700 yuan per ton, and the cost of processed lint is about 10,000 yuan per ton.
 
Inspection agency unofficially takes bag sampling
 
The Australian cotton inspection room is an unofficial organization and adopts a fee system. It is up to the ginner to decide which inspection agency to send the processed lint to. All Australian cotton is inspected during the marketing period. The inspection of Australian cotton takes bag sampling, and the cotton samples taken are divided into three parts. When the test results of the three parts are different, the principle of "low is not high" is used for marking. For the color-level inspection, when there is a discrepancy between the results of the HIV instrument and the human visual inspection, the human visual inspection shall prevail.
 
According to the comparative test of the inspection agency, under the same storage time, the higher the color level, the more obvious the color level degradation after long-term storage, but the impact on use is small. The experimental results show that compared with the color grade, the intrinsic index of cotton has more reference value for spinnability.
 
The government attaches great importance to various sales models
 
There are about 20 cotton traders in Australia. There are three main modes of cotton sales: first, pre-sale before planting, and for customers with long-term and stable cooperative relations, cotton can even be sold three years later; second, cotton farmers directly after picking Sell ​​seed cotton; thirdly, cotton farmers process seed cotton into lint and sell it according to testing indicators, either directly to traders or through the futures market. The sales of the first two models are first priced at the benchmark level, and then the premiums and discounts are based on the actual delivery quality. The third model sets prices based on actual quality indicators.
 
It is understood that there is no government subsidy for cotton planting in Australia, but the government attaches great importance to cotton scientific research and technology promotion. Production and scientific research are closely integrated. The government has officials in charge of cotton technology promotion in each cotton-producing area. Technology can be quickly applied to cotton production. The government pays a certain amount of "improved cotton seed fund" according to the cotton sales volume as a fund for research and improvement of cotton seeds. There is only one cotton seed company in Australia. In terms of planting commercial insurance, the damage caused by hail is underwritten, but no insurance is provided for flood disasters.
 
postscript
 
The representatives of the visiting delegation had a more comprehensive understanding of the whole process of Australian cotton planting, production, picking, processing, and sales, and said that the current structure of cotton consumption in China is constantly changing, and it is difficult for the domestic cotton market to meet the textile industry's demand for high-quality cotton. The quality of Australian cotton is quite advantageous, which can fill the gap between supply and demand of domestic high-grade cotton to a certain extent.
 
The representatives hope that Australian cotton can maintain stable quality, further enhance competitiveness in terms of price, and become one of the stable sources of cotton resources in the future development of China's textile industry. At the same time, it is also expected that Xinjiang cotton in my country will increase the degree of mechanization and improve cotton varieties as soon as possible, so that my country's cotton spinning enterprises can use domestic cotton equivalent to Australian cotton varieties.

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