What are the ASTM standards for tensile testing of fabrics?

 

For tensile testing of fabrics, one of the main ASTM standards used is ASTM D5034 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test). Another closely associated test is ASTM D5035 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method).

 

 

ASTM D5034 - Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)

 

This test method covers the grab and modified grab procedures for determining the breaking strength and elongation of most textile fabrics. However, it is not applicable to nonwoven fabrics, coated fabrics, textile glass fabrics, and fabrics made from carbon, ceramic, or wire.

 

1. Marking the specimen for gauge length: Two marks placed a specified distance apart, depending on the particular requirements. The prepared fabric sample is then placed in the jaws of a tensile testing machine.

2. Loading the specimen: The fabric sample is stretched at a constant rate until it breaks. The rate might vary depending on the type of fabric.

3. Recording the results: The test machine records the amount of force applied to the fabric and elongation to the point of rupture.

4. Repeat testing: Several specimens are typically tested, and the average is calculated for the final results for increased accuracy and representation.

 

 

This standard test method addresses the determination of breaking force and elongation of most textile fabrics with a cut strip test specimen. Exceptions include elastic fabrics, certain glass, and metallic fabrics.

 

1. Cutting the specimen: The fabric is cut in a long strip in either the warp or fill direction.

2. Marking the specimen for gauge length: Similar to the grab method, the strip method also uses marks a specified distance apart.

3. Loading the specimen: The specimen is mounted in the machine across its entire width.

4. Applying force and recording data: The machine pulls the fabric strip at a consistent rate until the point of rupture, recording data.

5. Repeat testing: As with the other method, several specimens are typically tested and the results are averaged.

 

Both of these tests yield data on maximum force, elongation at maximum force, force at specified elongations, and elongation at specified forces, among other results.

 

 

- ASTM D1682 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of Textile Fabric: This is historically the first method used for tensile testing of fabrics and has been retained for some special uses where a long gage length is desirable.

 

- ASTM D3822 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers: This test method measures the tensile properties of individual fibers and the results of the test can be used to compare different fibers and understand their suitability for different applications.

 

To ensure accuracy in these and any other material tests, it's crucial to perform the tests under controlled conditions and following all the guidelines provided in the ASTM method. Correct knowledge and application of the detailed procedures of these ASTM standards are what lend them authenticity and worldwide recognition in the quality control process across industries.